The second trimester of pregnancy is often regarded as the most comfortable and enjoyable. With the worst of the nausea typically behind you and your baby not yet large enough to cause significant discomfort, this period can bring a renewed sense of well-being. Here’s what you can anticipate during these months.
Physical Changes
Your expanding uterus will cause your belly and breasts to grow. Wearing a supportive bra can help manage breast discomfort. You may start to feel Braxton Hicks contractions, which are irregular and mild, often occurring after physical activity or sex. These feel like slight abdominal tightness. If these contractions become regular and increase in strength, contact your healthcare provider, as this could indicate preterm labor.
Hormonal changes can cause pigmentation changes in your skin, such as melasma (brown patches) and linea nigra (a dark line down your abdomen). These changes usually fade after delivery. Using sunscreen can help prevent these conditions from worsening. Stretch marks on your abdomen, breasts, buttocks, or thighs are common and typically fade over time.
Nasal congestion and nosebleeds can occur due to increased hormone levels and blood volume. Saline drops, staying hydrated, and using a humidifier can alleviate these symptoms. Additionally, your gums may become more sensitive and prone to bleeding, so maintaining good dental hygiene is crucial.
Dizziness can be caused by changes in circulation, so it’s important to stay hydrated, avoid prolonged standing, and move slowly when changing positions. Leg cramps, especially at night, can be prevented by stretching your calf muscles before bed, staying active, and wearing supportive shoes.
You might notice an increase in vaginal discharge, which is normal. However, if the discharge has a strong smell, unusual color, or is accompanied by pain or itching, contact your healthcare provider. Urinary tract infections are also common; seek medical advice if you experience symptoms such as a strong urge to urinate, pain during urination, cloudy or strong-smelling urine, fever, or backache.
Emotional Changes
During the second trimester, many women feel more energetic and capable of preparing for their baby. Consider taking childbirth classes, which might be available online. Learn about breastfeeding, maternity leave policies, and childcare options. It’s normal to feel anxious about labor, delivery, and parenthood. Educating yourself and making healthy lifestyle choices can help ease these concerns.
Prenatal Care
Regular prenatal visits will monitor your baby’s growth and detect any health problems. Your healthcare provider will check your weight, blood pressure, and the size of your uterus. Listening to your baby’s heartbeat and possibly finding out your baby’s sex can be highlights of these visits.
If you haven’t received the COVID-19 vaccine, consider getting vaccinated. Vaccination can protect both you and your baby. Virtual prenatal care may be an option if you don’t have high-risk conditions. Prepare questions and take notes during these virtual visits.
Discuss any symptoms or concerns with your healthcare provider to ensure both you and your baby remain healthy.
References
American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. (2021). *Your Pregnancy and Childbirth: Month to Month* (7th ed.). Retrieved from https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/Morning-Sickness-Nausea-and-Vomiting-of-Pregnancy
Bastian, L. A., et al. (2023). Clinical manifestations and diagnosis of early pregnancy. UpToDate. Retrieved from https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search
Mayo Clinic Staff. (2022). Pregnancy: What to expect in the second trimester. Mayo Clinic. Retrieved from https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/pregnancy-week-by-week/in-depth/pregnancy/art-20047208
Office on Women’s Health. (2023). Pregnancy: Body changes and discomforts. Retrieved from https://www.womenshealth.gov/pregnancy/youre-pregnant-now-what/body-changes-and-discomforts